Loan-to-Value vs Loan-to-Cost Explained

Leverage drives terms and approvals. Knowing LTV vs LTC prevents mismatched expectations and broken structures.

LTV: Loan-to-Value

LTV compares the loan amount to the property’s value. LTV is often used to measure downside protection if the lender must exit through sale.

LTC: Loan-to-Cost

LTC compares the loan amount to total project cost (purchase + rehab + other eligible costs). LTC is common in renovation and value-add scenarios.

Why Lenders Care

  • Downside: LTV is a primary indicator of collateral cushion.
  • Execution: LTC helps ensure the borrower has meaningful equity at risk.
  • Marketability: the easier the asset is to sell, the more flexible lenders may be.

Common Structuring Mistakes

  • Using optimistic ARV as a substitute for as-is value
  • Ignoring real rehab contingencies
  • Assuming one lender’s leverage limits apply to all lenders

Practical Guidance

Conservative leverage reduces friction and improves execution. If the deal requires maximum leverage to work, it likely needs a stronger structure or a different strategy.

Quiet conclusion: Leverage is not just a number; it is risk allocation.

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